Ectoparasites of the Nile Rat, Arvicanthis niloticus from Shendi area, Sudan

This study investigated the ectoparasites of the Nile Rat, Arvicanthis niloticus in Shendi area, River Nile State, Sudan. Eighty nine A. niloticus were collected for the first time from the horticultural fields of Shendi, between January to June 2018, and their entire fur was combed thoroughly, using a fine-tooth comb. Any removed ectoparasites were relaxed, mounted and examined under a microscope for morphological identification. Forty two (47.2%) of the collected rats was found infested, with an overall mean intensity of 13.4 (range 2–67) ectoparasites per an infested rat; 10 different species of ectoparasites were identified, including: 2 species of flea – Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis; 3 species of louse – Polyplax spinulosa, P. abyssinica, P. serrata; a species of tick – Rhipicephalus sp.; 4 species of mite – Laelaps agilis, L. nuttalli, Ornitonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssuss gallinae. The most prevalent ectoparasite found was the flea Xenopsylla cheopis, 23.6%, followed by the mite Laelaps nuttalli, 10.1%, while the least was the mite Ornitonyssus bacoti, 1.1%. Significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infestation was found among male rats. Likewise, older rats significantly harbored a higher prevalence and intensity of infestation.