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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Influenza Virus and Vaccination.

Aitor Nogales¹, Marta L DeDiego²

¹Center for Animal Health Research, INIA-CISA, 28130 Madrid, Spain.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 21, 2020

Summary

Influenza virus infections cause severe respiratory illness and significant deaths globally. This research explores immune responses to improve influenza therapeutics and vaccination strategies.

Area of Science:

* Virology and Immunology
* Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

* Influenza virus poses a significant global health threat, causing widespread respiratory illness, mortality, and economic burden.

Keywords:

Influenza virus adaptive immunity immune response influenza vaccine innate immunity pandemic universal vaccines vaccination

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

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Published on: August 14, 2019

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

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Published on: June 2, 2016

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

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* Influenza infections range from mild to severe, including fatal pneumonia, with deaths surpassing those of other pathogens.

* Effective influenza management remains critical due to its high transmissibility and impact.