Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.6K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.6K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

4.1K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
4.1K
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

1.0K
Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
1.0K
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

275
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
275
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.6K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.6K
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

475
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
475

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Allopurinol has no effect on calcitriol or other CKD-MBD biomarkers: a randomized double-blind study.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

High Prevalence of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Prior to Kidney Transplantation in Brazil: A Perfect Storm for Adverse Graft Outcomes.

Kidney360·2026
Same author

Glucose monitoring during hemodiafiltration: a comparison of continuous, capillary, and dialysis-line measurements.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same author

Sex-specific differences in serum phosphate persist in patients with CKD.

Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia·2026
Same author

Estrogen protects female mice with chronic kidney disease from fibroblast growth factor 23-induced left ventricular hypertrophy.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Erythroid-produced intact FGF23 is a paracrine inhibitor of erythropoiesis.

Blood·2026
Same journal

Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Evidence for Aerobic Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Agronomic Soil-Derived Bacterial Communities.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Uncommon Phenotypes of Laryngeal Adductor Breathing Dystonia.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Neuronal Networks with <i>Rhinella schneideri</i> Skin Secretion Molecules: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

Dangerous Measures: A Case Report and Review of Motoro Ray Envenomation.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

The Impact of OnabotulinumtoxinA on Oral Pain Medication Prescription Fills and Low-Value Care in Patients with Cervical Dystonia in the United States: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.

Toxins·2026
Same journal

Broad-Spectrum Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity of the Scorpion Venom Peptide HP1090.

Toxins·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.2K

Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin.

Eduardo J Duque1, Rosilene M Elias1,2, Rosa M A Moysés1

  • 1LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.

Toxins
|March 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, leading to detrimental effects. This condition contributes to uremic syndrome manifestations, impacting bone, cardiovascular health, and more.

Keywords:
parathyroid hormonesecondary hyperparathyroidismuremic toxin

More Related Videos

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

15.2K
Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.2K
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

15.2K
Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Background:

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial for maintaining serum calcium levels by influencing vitamin D synthesis, bone resorption, and renal calcium reabsorption.
  • Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), reduced active vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3), decreased intestinal calcium absorption, and potentially hyperphosphatemia and high PTH levels.
  • The complex interplay of these factors contributes to the progression of CKD complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically discuss the multifaceted harmful effects of severe CKD-related hyperparathyroidism.
  • To elucidate the calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms through which PTH contributes to uremic syndrome.
  • To highlight the diverse clinical manifestations associated with this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research on secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD.
  • Discussion of the pathophysiological pathways involving PTH, FGF-23, vitamin D, and mineral metabolism.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking hyperparathyroidism to specific uremic complications.

Main Results:

  • Elevated PTH in severe CKD, driven by both calcium-dependent and -independent pathways, exacerbates the uremic syndrome.
  • PTH contributes to significant bone loss, characteristic of renal osteodystrophy.
  • Manifestations include soft tissue and vascular calcification, cardiomyopathy, impaired erythropoiesis, immunodeficiency, increased energy expenditure, and muscle weakness.

Conclusions:

  • Severe hyperparathyroidism in CKD is a significant driver of uremic syndrome, leading to widespread systemic complications.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of PTH action is vital for managing CKD-related bone disease and other manifestations.
  • Targeting PTH and related pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes in CKD patients.