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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

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Decrease in sexual initiative and responsiveness in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during pregnancy.

K C Chambers¹, C H Phoenix¹

¹Primate Behavior, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton.

American Journal of Primatology

|March 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Female rhesus macaque sexual behavior significantly decreases during pregnancy, with both males and females showing reduced interaction. This study highlights changes in primate reproductive behavior during gestation.

Keywords:

Macaca mulatta pregnancy proceptivity receptivity rhesus macaques sexual behavior

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Area of Science:

Primate ethology
Reproductive biology
Animal behavior

Background:

Previous research on primate sexual behavior during pregnancy primarily focused on males.
Limited systematic studies exist on the sexual behavior of pregnant female primates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and quantify changes in female rhesus macaque sexual behavior during pregnancy.
To compare sexual behaviors between the menstrual cycle and different stages of pregnancy.

Main Methods:

Six multiparous female rhesus macaques were paired with sexually experienced males during their menstrual cycle and two stages of pregnancy.
Behavioral measures, including contact and rejection rates, were recorded and compared across conditions.
Data collected during the periovulatory phase, early pregnancy (35-56 days), and late pregnancy (147-168 days).

Main Results:

Pregnant females exhibited a significant reduction in present contact ratio and threat-away behaviors.
Males displayed decreased rates of contacting, mounting, intromitting, and ejaculating with pregnant females.
Both male and female sexual behaviors were significantly diminished during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

Female rhesus macaque sexual behavior declines during pregnancy, characterized by reduced interaction and increased rejection.
The decrease in male sexual activity during female pregnancy is likely influenced by female rejection and potentially reduced attractiveness.
Findings provide crucial insights into the behavioral adaptations of primates during gestation.