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Updated: Dec 25, 2025
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: September 27, 2024
Multi-functionalized nanocarriers targeting bacterial reservoirs to overcome challenges of multi drug-resistance
Maria Hassan Kiani1, Muhammad Imran2, Abida Raza3
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Introduction:
Infectious diseases associated with intracellular bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are important public health concern. Emergence of multi and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains have made it even more obstinate to offset such infections. Bacteria residing within intracellular compartments provide additional barriers to effective treatment.
Method:
Information provided in this review has been collected by accessing various electronic databases including Google scholar, Web of science, Scopus, and Nature index. Search was performed using keywords nanoparticles, intracellular targeting, multidrug resistance, Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella typhimurium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Information gathered was categorized into three major sections as 'Intracellular targeting of Staphylococcus aureus, Intracellular targeting of Salmonella typhimurium and Intracellular targeting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis' using variety of nanocarrier systems.
Results:
Conventional management for infectious diseases typically comprises of long-term treatment with a combination of antibiotics, which may lead to side effects and decreased patient compliance. A wide range of multi-functionalized nanocarrier systems have been studied for delivery of drugs within cellular compartments where bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis reside. Such carrier systems along with targeted delivery have been utilized for sustained and controlled delivery of drugs. These strategies have been found useful in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional treatments including multi-drug resistance.
Conclusion:
Development of multi-functional nanocargoes encapsulating antibiotics that are proficient in targeting and releasing drug into infected reservoirs seems to be a promising strategy to circumvent the challenge of multidrug resistance. Graphical abstract.
Insights
Nanocarrier systems offer a promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in intracellular bacterial infections. These advanced systems enable targeted drug delivery, improving treatment efficacy against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Infectious Diseases
- Drug Delivery
Background:
- Intracellular bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose significant public health challenges.
- The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains complicates treatment, as bacteria within cells create additional therapeutic barriers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of nanocarrier systems for intracellular targeting of bacteria.
- To explore strategies for overcoming multidrug resistance in infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Nature Index.
- Keywords included 'nanoparticles,' 'intracellular targeting,' 'multidrug resistance,' and specific bacterial species.
- Information was categorized by bacterial species and nanocarrier system type.
Main Results:
- Conventional antibiotic treatments often involve long durations, leading to side effects and poor patient compliance.
- Multi-functionalized nanocarrier systems facilitate targeted drug delivery within infected cells, enabling sustained and controlled release.
- These nanocarrier strategies show potential in overcoming challenges associated with multidrug resistance.
Conclusions:
- Multi-functional nanocargoes encapsulating antibiotics represent a promising approach to combat multidrug resistance.
- Targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs via nanocarriers can improve treatment outcomes for intracellular bacterial infections.
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