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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Immunomodulators in Lymphoma.

Theodora Anagnostou1, Stephen M Ansell2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. anagnost@mskcc.org.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|March 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cells, is revolutionizing lymphoma treatment by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Future strategies focus on combination therapies to enhance anti-tumor immune responses against malignant B-cells.

Keywords:
Immune evasionImmunomodulatorsLymphomaTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Lymphomas are heterogeneous cancers where the tumor microenvironment significantly impacts survival and growth.
  • Immunotherapy has emerged as a key treatment modality, targeting the tumor microenvironment for anti-tumor responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for modulating the immune response in lymphoma.
  • To address obstacles in activating the immune system against malignant B-cells.
  • To discuss novel combination approaches in lymphoma immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on lymphoma immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment.
  • Discussion of emerging combination therapies and clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cells, has shown remarkable results in certain lymphoma types.
  • Treatment responses vary significantly across different lymphoma histologies.
  • Combination strategies are being developed to overcome treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the immune response is crucial for effective lymphoma treatment.
  • Overcoming barriers to immune activation against malignant B-cells is essential.
  • Combination immunotherapies hold promise for improved outcomes in diverse lymphoma subtypes.