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Altered Large-Scale Brain Functional Connectivity in Ocular Hypertension.

Antonio Giorgio1, Jian Zhang1, Francesco Costantino1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

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Ocular hypertension (OHT) shows decreased functional connectivity in cognitive brain networks, suggesting neuroplasticity. Increased connectivity in visual networks may indicate early adaptive changes in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ocular hypertension (OHT) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) without typical glaucomatous damage.
  • OHT represents a presymptomatic stage for glaucoma development.
  • Previous research indicates altered brain connectivity in early glaucoma and even with normal IOP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain connectivity alterations in individuals with ocular hypertension (OHT).
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of OHT using a multimodal MRI approach.
  • To model gray matter volume, white matter tract connectivity, and functional connectivity in OHT.

Main Methods:

  • Multimodal MRI approach including voxelwise gray matter volume, white matter (WM) tract anatomical connectivity, and large-scale functional connectivity.
  • Comparison between OHT subjects (n=18) and demographically matched normal controls (n=29).
  • Analysis focused on key cognitive networks: default mode network, frontoparietal working memory network (WMN), ventral attention network (VAN), and salience network (SN).

Main Results:

  • No significant structural brain alterations were found in the OHT group.
  • OHT subjects exhibited significantly decreased functional connectivity in cognitive networks (default mode, WMN, VAN, SN).
  • Altered long-range functional connectivity was observed: decreased between default mode and SN, increased between primary and secondary visual networks (VN).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest complex neuroplasticity in the OHT brain.
  • Decreased functional connectivity in non-visual networks may indicate a downregulated functional reserve.
  • Increased functional connectivity within visual networks could represent an early adaptive reorganization of the visual system.