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Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
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Rebooting "Failed" Family-Based Treatment.

Kellie R Lavender1

  • 1New Zealand Eating Disorders Clinic, Auckland, New Zealand.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|March 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Many families experience "failed" family-based treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Re-administering FBT with attention to fidelity and proficiency can help address common issues and improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Eating Disorders
  • Family Therapy

Background:

  • Family-based treatment (FBT) is the primary evidence-based approach for adolescent anorexia nervosa.
  • Concerns exist regarding poor fidelity and modifications to FBT, leading to perceived treatment failures.
  • An increase in families reporting

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine common themes in previously unsuccessful FBT cases.
  • To describe how FBT was re-administered to address fidelity and proficiency issues.
  • To offer guidance for clinicians encountering families with prior

Main Methods:

  • A clinical perspective essay based on 20 months of experience (2017-2019).
  • Review of common themes from families reporting
Keywords:
adolescentsanorexia nervosafailed FBTfamily-based treatmentmodified FBTtreatment fidelity

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Main Results:

  • Identified common themes suggested potential deficits in initial FBT fidelity and proficiency.
  • Re-administration of FBT focused on addressing these identified issues.
  • The approach aimed to ensure core FBT principles were fully utilized before considering modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should rigorously assess FBT fidelity and proficiency before altering the treatment model.
  • Addressing common themes during a repeat FBT course can be beneficial for previously unsuccessful cases.
  • This perspective offers practical insights for implementing FBT effectively in adolescent anorexia nervosa.