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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Structure, Regulation, and Function of Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including linear lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have diverse structures and functions. This review highlights their distinct biogenesis, regulation, and roles in cellular processes and the immune system.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encompass linear lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) with varied structures and biogenesis pathways.
  • Linear lncRNAs function based on sequence, transcription, and genomic elements, sometimes encoding peptides.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, exhibit tissue-specific expression, and are increasingly studied for their regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse structures, regulation, and functions of linear lncRNAs and circRNAs.
  • To summarize current understanding of lncRNA and circRNA biogenesis and functional characterization.
  • To highlight the roles of circRNAs in cell development, the immune system, and exosomal communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on lncRNAs and circRNAs.
  • Synthesis of information on the biogenesis pathways of linear and circular RNAs.
  • Analysis of functional studies investigating the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs and circRNAs display a wide array of structures and are generated through distinct mechanisms.
  • circRNAs show specific expression patterns and regulate cell development and immunity.
  • Both linear lncRNAs and circRNAs can be translated into peptides and function in exosomes.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs and circRNAs are critical regulators with diverse structural and functional properties.
  • Understanding the distinct characteristics of linear lncRNAs and circRNAs is essential for deciphering their biological roles.
  • Further research into circRNA translation and exosomal functions promises new insights into RNA-based regulation.