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Medicaid expansion and infant mortality, revisited: A difference-in-differences analysis
Alexandra Wiggins1, Ibraheem M Karaye2, Jennifer A Horney2
1Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.
Medicaid expansion did not significantly lower the national infant mortality rate (IMR). However, it was associated with a reduction in IMR among Hispanic populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Policy
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Infant mortality remains a critical public health concern in the United States.
- The Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion aimed to improve health outcomes, including for vulnerable populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between Medicaid expansion and infant mortality rates (IMR) across US states.
- To determine if Medicaid expansion influenced overall IMR and specific demographic subgroups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized state-level aggregate data on IMR, race, and sex from CDC WONDER.
- Employed difference-in-differences regression models to assess the impact of Medicaid expansion on IMR from 2010 to 2017.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant association was found between Medicaid expansion and the national IMR.
- A significant reduction in IMR was observed among the Hispanic population in states that expanded Medicaid.
Conclusions:
- Affordable Care Act-induced Medicaid expansion was not linked to a general decrease in infant mortality.
- Medicaid expansion demonstrated a positive impact on reducing infant mortality specifically within the Hispanic community.
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