Antibacterial activity of phellodendron bark against Streptococcus mutans

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Dental Research

Background:

• Streptococcus mutans is a primary agent of dental caries, known for promoting biofilm formation and acid production.
• Plant extracts are recognized for diverse biological activities, including antibacterial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the antibacterial and anti-virulence effects of Phellodendron bark (PB), yucca, and black ginger extracts against Streptococcus mutans.
• To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PB against S. mutans and assess its impact on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and acid production.

Main Methods:

• Investigated antibacterial activity of three plant extracts against S. mutans.
• Determined the MIC of PB against 100 S. mutans strains.
• Assessed PB's effect on S. mutans growth kinetics, biofilm formation, and acid production.
• Analyzed gene expression related to glucosyltransferase and acid production.

Main Results:

• Phellodendron bark (PB) exhibited stronger antibacterial activity compared to yucca and black ginger.
• The MIC range of PB against S. mutans was 9.8–312.5 µg/mL.
• PB suppressed S. mutans growth in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited biofilm formation at higher concentrations, and reduced acid production.
• PB demonstrated bacteriostatic effects on planktonic cells and partial bactericidal effects on biofilm cells at concentrations above 2× MIC.

Conclusions:

• Phellodendron bark (PB) possesses significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.
• PB effectively reduces the cariogenic potential of S. mutans by inhibiting growth, biofilm formation, and acid production.
• PB represents a promising natural agent for the prevention and management of tooth decay.