Biomaterials and biocompatibility: An historical overview

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Medical History
• Materials Science

Background:

• This review explores the historical trajectory of biomaterials, spanning from prehistoric eras to the advent of modern medicine in the mid-19th century.
• It provides a historical definition of biomaterials and a brief overview of surgical and dental history.

Observation:

• The study examines the characteristics and applications of various biomaterials throughout different historical periods.
• Emphasis is placed on chronologically ordered references and the scientifically demonstrated effects of materials on biological tissues.
• Critical evaluation of historical references, including spurious claims and translation biases, is a key aspect.

Findings:

• Biomaterial usage evolved significantly from ancient applications to the development of aseptic procedures, antiseptics, and anesthetics.
• The review details the real, scientifically demonstrated effects of specific biomaterials on biological tissues over time.
• Historical accounts of biomaterial efficacy are critically assessed for accuracy and bias.

Implications:

• Understanding the historical context of biomaterials is crucial for current and future material development.
• This historical perspective aids in identifying and rectifying past misconceptions regarding biomaterial performance.
• The review provides a foundation for appreciating the advancements in biomaterial science and its impact on medicine.