The rashes that lead to cutaneous ulcers.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Internal Medicine
• Pathology

Background:

• Skin rashes, also known as exanthemas, are characterized by lesion distribution, configuration, and systemic involvement indicators.
• Rashes can progress to cutaneous ulcerations, significantly impacting diagnosis, follow-up, and patient management.
• Systemic diseases manifesting as ulcerated exanthemas are more prevalent than those solely presenting cutaneous signs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of diseases presenting with cutaneous rashes and ulcerations.
• To update clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies for various etiologies of ulcerated rashes.
• To categorize ulcerated rashes based on underlying disease categories.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of systemic diseases causing exanthemas with ulcerations.
• Categorization of diseases by etiology: bullous diseases, infectious, granulomatous, vasculitis, paraneoplastic, autoimmune, neutrophilic, lichen planus, and drug hypersensitivity.
• Detailed analysis of clinical presentations and current treatment options.

Main Results:

• Identified a wide range of etiologies for ulcerated skin rashes, including bullous diseases, infections, vasculitis, and autoimmune disorders.
• Highlighted the importance of systemic involvement in the diagnosis and management of ulcerated rashes.
• Presented updated clinical features and therapeutic recommendations for diverse causes.

Conclusions:

• Ulcerated skin rashes are frequently indicative of underlying systemic diseases.
• Accurate diagnosis requires careful evaluation of rash characteristics and systemic signs.
• This review offers valuable insights into the clinical manifestations and management of various ulcerated exanthema causes.