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Contact allergy to colour developing agents in the guinea pig
1Division of Occupational Dermatology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis
|October 1, 1988
Summary
Colour developing agents (CDs) can cause allergic reactions. Studies show cross-reactivity between CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4, highlighting the need for appropriate testing vehicles and chemical stability assessments.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
- Allergology
Background:
- Colour developing agents (CDs), derived from p-phenylenediamine, are known allergens.
- Patients sometimes exhibit patch test reactions to multiple CDs, suggesting sensitization or cross-reactivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate simultaneous sensitization versus cross-reactivity among CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4.
- To evaluate the efficacy of different vehicles in guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT).
- To assess the stability and purity of tested chemicals.
Main Methods:
- Guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) were conducted using CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4.
- Experiments utilized either petroleum (pet.) or water as vehicles.
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzed chemical purity and stability.
Main Results:
- Cross-reactivity was observed between CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4 when petroleum was used as a vehicle.
- Water as a vehicle limited challenge concentrations due to irritation and staining.
- CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4 were classified as extreme sensitizers.
- Aqueous CD solutions were unstable; petroleum mixtures were stable.
Conclusions:
- Petroleum is a suitable vehicle for GPMT, enabling higher challenge concentrations and revealing cross-reactivity.
- Chemical stability is crucial for accurate GPMT results; aqueous CD solutions are unstable.
- CD-2, CD-3, and CD-4 are potent sensitizers, with cross-reactivity observed among them.