Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.6K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.6K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.5K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.5K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.2K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
5.2K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

27.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
27.1K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.7K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.7K
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

5.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ADRIS: The new open-source accessible driving simulator for training and evaluation of driving abilities.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2022
Same author

102&#x2003;Creation of 3-dimensional artificial niches for <i>ex vivo</i> culture of ovarian cells.

Reproduction, fertility, and development·2022
Same author

State-of-the-art in reproductive bench science: Hurdles and new technological solutions.

Theriogenology·2020
Same author

Implications of miRNA expression pattern in bovine oocytes and follicular fluids for developmental competence.

Theriogenology·2020
Same author

Evolution of pig intestinal stem cells from birth to weaning.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2019
Same author

The quest for an effective and safe personalized cell therapy using epigenetic tools.

Clinical epigenetics·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

10.5K

All roads lead to Rome: the many ways to pluripotency.

G Pennarossa1, F Gandolfi2, T A L Brevini3

  • 1Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|March 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Small molecules can reprogram cell plasticity and fate by influencing epigenetic modifications, like DNA demethylation via ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. Mechanical forces and the Hippo pathway also play key roles in maintaining pluripotency during development and induction.

Keywords:
Cell plasticityEpigeneticsMechanosensingReprogrammingTET activities

More Related Videos

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.8K
Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

10.5K
Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.8K
Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Plasticity and Fate Determination

Background:

  • Cellular pluripotency, spatial restriction, and development are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, involving modifications on DNA rather than genetic alterations.
  • These epigenetic changes control transcription factor accessibility, influencing cell phenotype and gene expression.
  • Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes drive active DNA demethylation, reducing global methylation and promoting cell plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of small molecules in modulating cell plasticity and fate through epigenetic modifications.
  • To discuss the impact of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes and DNA demethylation on cell reprogramming.
  • To explore the contribution of mechanical forces and the Hippo signaling pathway in maintaining and inducing cell pluripotency.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on small molecules, epigenetic modifications, and mechanotransduction pathways.
  • Analysis of the role of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes in DNA demethylation and cell reprogramming.
  • Examination of the Hippo signaling pathway's involvement in pluripotency maintenance and induction.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules can induce cell plasticity and fate changes by activating demethylating effects, often involving TET enzymes.
  • TET enzyme activity is crucial for mesenchymal to epithelial transition and epigenetic erasure.
  • Mechanical forces and the Hippo pathway are significant factors in supporting cell pluripotency.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecules offer a powerful tool to modulate cell plasticity and direct cell fate via epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA demethylation.
  • The interplay between epigenetic regulation, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways like Hippo is critical for controlling cell identity and development.