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Congenital heart disease, prenatal diagnosis and management

César H Meller1, Sofía Grinenco2, Horacio Aiello3

  • 1Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. cesar.meller@hospitalitaliano.org.ar.

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|March 22, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart defects are common and serious. This review covers prenatal detection, screening, and management strategies for fetal heart anomalies, including intrauterine treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Prenatal Medicine
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most frequent congenital malformations.
  • CHDs are linked to significant perinatal and long-term morbidity and mortality.
  • Effective prenatal management is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prenatal detection rates of CHDs.
  • To analyze screening characteristics in both first and second trimesters.
  • To establish a management algorithm for prenatal diagnosis of CHDs and discuss fetal therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of prenatal screening and diagnostic methods for CHDs.
  • Analysis of screening performance in early and mid-pregnancy.
  • Review of indications for advanced fetal echocardiography.
  • Discussion of invasive/non-invasive testing and obstetric follow-up.
  • Examination of fetal therapy options for cardiac anomalies.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal detection rates and screening characteristics vary across trimesters.
  • Specific indications for advanced echocardiography are outlined.
  • A management algorithm for prenatal diagnosis of CHDs is proposed.
  • Fetal therapies, including cardiac interventions and arrhythmia treatments, show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing prenatal detection and screening is essential for managing CHDs.
  • A structured management algorithm aids in addressing diagnosed fetal heart conditions.
  • Fetal therapy offers potential therapeutic avenues for severe congenital heart anomalies.

Keywords:
congenital heart diseasefetal therapyprenatal diagnosisscreening

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