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Creative, internally-directed cognition is associated with reduced BOLD variability.

Reece P Roberts1, Cheryl L Grady2, Donna Rose Addis3

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand.

Neuroimage
|March 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain signal variability predicts cognitive performance in external tasks. However, creative thinking relies on reduced brain signal variability and increased mean signal, differing from external task patterns.

Keywords:
BOLD variabilityCreativityEpisodic simulationImagination

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Intra-individual variability of fMRI BOLD signal predicts cognitive performance in externally-directed tasks.
  • BOLD variability is thought to capture the dynamic range of neural systems.
  • The role of BOLD variability in internally-directed thought, especially creative cognition, is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between BOLD variability and divergent thinking, a key component of creativity.
  • Determine if associations between BOLD variability and creativity differ from those of mean BOLD signal.
  • Explore how BOLD signal characteristics relate to cognitive flexibility during internally-directed thought.

Main Methods:

  • Task Partial Least Squares (PLS) analyses comparing BOLD signal (mean and variability) during future imagination tasks with varying cognitive flexibility demands.
  • Behavioral PLS to assess the relationship between individual differences in creativity task performance and BOLD signal characteristics.
  • Utilized fMRI BOLD signal to measure neural activity during internally-directed cognitive tasks.

Main Results:

  • An Incongruent future imagination condition, requiring greater cognitive flexibility, showed widespread reductions in both BOLD variability and mean signal compared to a Congruent condition.
  • These reductions in BOLD signal occurred in largely non-overlapping brain regions.
  • Superior performance on creative thinking tasks (future simulation, Alternate Uses Task) was associated with increased mean BOLD signal and decreased BOLD variability.

Conclusions:

  • Unlike externally-directed tasks, creative internally-directed mentation is associated with reduced, not increased, BOLD signal variability.
  • Mean BOLD signal and BOLD variability have distinct, often opposing, relationships with performance in internally-directed creative tasks.
  • Findings suggest different neural dynamics underlie externally-directed versus internally-directed creative cognition.