Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 25, 2025
Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
Published on: September 27, 2024
Postoperative pneumonia after craniotomy: incidence, risk factors and prediction with a nomogram
1Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Section of Surgical Outcomes and Epidemiology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background:
Postoperative pneumonia is the third most common complication in surgical patients. However, little is known regarding pneumonia after craniotomy, which is the most common surgical procedure in neurosurgery.
Aim:
To investigate the incidence of pneumonia and its association with the length of hospital stay, identify risk factors, and build a nomogram as a prediction model.
Methods:
The study population was based on the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2017. Both multi-variate logistic regression models and linear regression models were employed.
Findings:
The overall incidence rate of postoperative pneumonia was 3.11% in a total of 57,201 surgical procedures. Risk factors were age >55 years, male gender, low body mass index (BMI), diabetes, functional dependence, ventilator dependence, history of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, systemic sepsis, white blood cell count >12,000, emergency case, American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥3, general anaesthesia and total surgical time >240 min. Ten featured factors were used in the nomogram (C-statistic=0.803). Postoperative pneumonia was associated with extended hospital stay. Compared with other postoperative complications, pneumonia had the second-highest impact on the extension of hospital stay (by 4.7 days).
Conclusion:
This study identified several pre-operative risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after craniotomy. Novel factors including male gender and low BMI warrant further investigation. This novel nomogram could serve as a reliable tool to evaluate the risk of postoperative pneumonia pre-operatively.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:28Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include: