COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
• SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry.
• COVID-19 significantly impacts patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, with a notable prevalence of myocardial injury.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
• To explore the implications of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients.
• To address the challenges COVID-19 presents for heart transplantation.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and cardiovascular implications.
• Analysis of patient data regarding myocardial injury and ACE2 receptor involvement.
• Discussion of therapeutic strategies and transplantation protocols.

Main Results:

• High prevalence of cardiovascular disease and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.
• ACE2 receptor identified as the primary entry point for SARS-CoV-2.
• Uncertainty remains regarding the role of ACEi and ARBs in COVID-19 management.
• COVID-19 complicates donor selection, immunosuppression, and post-transplant care in heart transplantation.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 poses significant risks to cardiovascular health, including myocardial injury.
• The role of ACE2 in infection and the impact of related medications require further investigation.
• Heart transplantation protocols need adaptation to manage COVID-19-affected patients.