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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

154.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
154.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.3K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

13.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
13.9K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

3.5K
3.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.2K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.2K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.4K
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

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Brain Translation: A Feather Tips the Scale.

Dmytro Ustianenko1, Melissa G McKenzie1, Chaolin Zhang1

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Molecular Cell
|March 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A neuron-specific microexon in translation initiation factor eIF4G normally dampens synaptic protein production. Autism-associated disruptions to this exon increase protein synthesis, possibly by affecting interactions with FMRP and other components.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Synaptic protein translation is crucial for neuronal function and plasticity.
  • Microexons are increasingly recognized for their roles in cell-type-specific functions.
  • Translation initiation factors, like eIF4G, regulate protein synthesis rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize neuron-specific regulatory elements in translation.
  • To investigate the function of a novel microexon in the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) gene.
  • To explore the link between microexon disruption and autism spectrum disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify neuron-specific microexons.
  • In vitro and in vivo experiments to assess microexon function.
  • Biochemical assays to study protein-granule interactions.

Main Results:

  • A neuron-specific microexon in eIF4G was identified that suppresses synaptic protein translation.
  • Disruption of this microexon in autism models leads to elevated protein production.
  • The microexon's function is linked to the regulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule assembly, involving FMRP.

Conclusions:

  • The identified eIF4G microexon acts as a key regulator of synaptic protein synthesis in neurons.
  • Alterations in this microexon contribute to aberrant protein production observed in autism.
  • This finding provides a molecular link between microexon regulation, translation control, and neurodevelopmental disorders.