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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

262
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

306
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
306
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

278
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
278
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

294
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
294
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

154
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
154
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

246
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
246

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Floppy mitral valve/mitral valve prolapse: A complex entity with multiple genotypes and phenotypes.

Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas1, Antonios A Pitsis2, Ernest L Mazzaferri1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|March 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Floppy mitral valve (FMV), or mitral valve prolapse (MVP), is a common heart condition with varied symptoms and outcomes. Understanding its genetic and environmental influences is key to managing the disease.

Keywords:
FamilialFloppy mitral valveGene variantsHeritableMitral valve prolapseNon-syndromicPolymorphismsSporadicSyndromic

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An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Floppy mitral valve/mitral valve prolapse (FMV/MVP) affects 2-3% of the population.
  • It presents heterogeneously, with age-dependent expressions and varying severity.
  • FMV/MVP can be familial or sporadic, isolated, or part of syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex genetic and environmental factors influencing FMV/MVP.
  • To understand the wide phenotypic spectrum of FMV/MVP.
  • To identify mechanisms for better disease management and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on FMV/MVP.
  • It synthesizes information on genetic, molecular, and epigenetic factors.
  • It analyzes the clinical manifestations and natural history.

Main Results:

  • FMV/MVP exhibits a broad range of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic cases to severe complications like heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
  • The disorder is primarily heritable, with manifestations often appearing later in life.
  • Phenotypic expression is modulated by multiple genetic and epigenetic factors beyond initial gene variants.

Conclusions:

  • FMV/MVP is a complex, heritable disorder influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
  • Further research into these modifying factors is crucial for improving disease prognosis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may lead to strategies for inhibiting progression and preventing phenotypic expression.