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STAT3 roles in viral infection: antiviral or proviral?

Zhangmei Chang1,2,1,2, Yan Wang3,3, Xin Zhou1,1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.

Future Virology
|March 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has dual roles in viral infections, acting as both a proviral factor and an antiviral factor depending on the specific virus. This review explores STAT3

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a crucial transcription factor involved in cellular processes.
  • STAT3 activation is triggered by cytokines and growth factor receptors.
  • STAT3 regulates gene expression impacting cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of STAT3 in viral infections and pathogenesis.
  • To elucidate the proviral and antiviral functions of STAT3 across various viruses.
  • To discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of STAT3's involvement in viral pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on STAT3 and viral infections.
  • Analysis of STAT3's function in different viral contexts.
  • Synthesis of molecular mechanisms governing STAT3's proviral and antiviral activities.

Main Results:

  • STAT3 demonstrates a proviral role in infections by HBV, HCV, HSV-1, varicella zoster virus, human CMV, and measles virus.
  • STAT3 exhibits an antiviral function in enterovirus 71, SARS-CoV, and human metapneumovirus infections.
  • The specific role of STAT3 is virus-dependent, highlighting its complex interplay with viral pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • STAT3 plays a significant and varied role in viral infections and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding STAT3's dual function is critical for developing antiviral strategies.
  • Further research into STAT3's molecular mechanisms can offer novel therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
JAK/STATSTAT3viral infection

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