Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
Published on: September 29, 2021
Correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, constipation, and serotonin levels in smokers and non smokers
1Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Purpose:
To examine the differences and correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation in smokers and non smokers.
Design And Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional study that used descriptive correlations. This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.
Findings:
Smokers had more pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation than non smokers. Smokers had similar serotonin levels compared with non smokers. Positive correlations were observed between constipation and serum serotonin levels (r = .19, P = .039, n = 116), between constipation and depressive symptoms (r = .18, P = .023, n = 164), and between constipation and pain (r = .23, P = .004, n = 164) in smokers.
Practical Implications:
Health professionals should assess and treat patients with the knowledge that the severity of pain, depression, and constipation may be greater in smokers than in non smokers.
More Related Videos
04:33Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
Published on: April 26, 2024
03:50Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 18, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are: