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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Thiol-Ene Networks from Sequence-Defined Polyurethane Macromers.

Emily A Hoff1, Guilhem X De Hoe2, Christopher M Mulvaney1

  • 1Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a scalable method to create sequence-defined polymers using vanillin-based monomers. This breakthrough allows for gram-scale synthesis and reveals sequence-dependent properties in cross-linked networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Scalability limitations hinder sequence-defined polymer applications in plastics, fibers, and composites.
  • The influence of monomer sequence on cross-linked network properties is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable synthetic route for producing gram quantities of sequence-defined materials.
  • To investigate the impact of monomer sequence on the properties of cross-linked polymer networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized inexpensive, functional vanillin-based monomers for synthesis.
  • Employed sequential reductive amination and carbamation to assemble polyurethane oligomers.
  • Achieved gram-scale synthesis by minimizing chromatographic purification and avoiding solid/liquid supports.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized three sequence-defined polyurethane oligomers with precisely controlled monomer sequences.
  • Demonstrated gram-scale production of sequence-defined oligomers.
  • Observed that monomer sequence influences network topology and rubbery moduli in cross-linked materials.

Conclusions:

  • Presents a scalable synthetic strategy for sequence-defined thermosets.
  • Highlights the significant impact of monomer sequence on material properties.
  • Opens new avenues for designing advanced polymer materials with tailored characteristics.