Hydrolysis acceleration in an Al-Ga-Gr particle material utilizing ultrasound irradiation

The improvement of the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen conversion ratio is crucial for hydrogen acquirement via Al-water reactions. Present work fabricated an Al-Ga-Gr hydrolyzing particle material, and presents the accelerated hydrolysis by ultrasound irradiation to achieve a high speed of hydrolysis and 100% yield within a short time, and provides a weak coupling model to address the acoustic pressure, velocity and thermal fields in the reactor. The obtained material is characterized with lamellar morphologies comprising AlGa solid solution and Gr. The hydrolysis is accelerated within the cavitation region by peeling off the reaction by-product layer to expose fresh aluminum, and deteriorates after the particle material traversing the cavitation/non-cavitation region boundary. Ultrasound promotes the hydrolysis progress from a diffusion governed mode to a dominated regime of interface reaction without a change to the activation energy.