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Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Tissues

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Cells with similar structure and function are grouped into tissues. A group of tissues with a specialized function is called an organ. There are four main types of tissue in vertebrates: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
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Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern to perform specific functions. From an evolutionary perspective, tissues appear in more complex organisms. Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these categories is...
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Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
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Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering
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Keratinous materials: Structures and functions in biomedical applications.

Mina Rajabi1, Azam Ali1, Michelle McConnell2

  • 1Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|March 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Keratin biomaterials from hair, wool, and feather show promise for tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. This review explores their extraction, fabrication, applications, and future potential in biomedicine.

Keywords:
BiomaterialDrug deliveryKeratinTissue engineeringWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Protein Chemistry

Background:

  • Keratins are abundant fibrous proteins with inherent biological activity.
  • Their unique physicochemical properties make them suitable for various biomedical uses.
  • Keratin-derived biomaterials offer potential in tissue repair and therapeutic delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review keratin biomaterials from human hair, wool, and feather.
  • To explore applications in tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects of keratin in biomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on keratin extraction and scaffold fabrication.
  • Analysis of studies on keratin applications in nerve and bone tissue engineering.
  • Compilation of data on keratin dressings for wound repair and skin regeneration.
  • Investigation of keratinous materials as controlled drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Keratin biomaterials are effectively utilized in nerve and bone tissue engineering.
  • Keratin dressings significantly facilitate wound healing and skin repair.
  • Keratinous materials serve as efficient carriers for controlled therapeutic delivery.
  • Extraction and fabrication methods are established for diverse keratin-based scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Keratin biomaterials derived from natural sources hold significant potential for biomedical applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully realize the therapeutic prospects of keratins.
  • Keratin-based materials offer a versatile platform for regenerative medicine and drug delivery.