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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Quantification of the Potential Impact of Glyphosate-Based Products on Microbiomes
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Epidemiology is ecosystem science.

Keekok Lee1

  • 1Manchester, UK Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester.

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|March 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidemiology and Classical Chinese Medicine are both forms of Ecosystem Science. They share characteristics like rejecting single-cause disease theories and utilizing multi-variable, non-linear causality models.

Keywords:
Classical chinese medicineEcosystem scienceEpidemiologyMultifactorial causationNon-linear causality

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Area of Science:

  • Explores the intersection of Epidemiology and Ecosystem Science.
  • Positions Classical Chinese Medicine as a form of Ecosystem Science.

Background:

  • Traditional disease models often rely on monogenic (single-cause) explanations.
  • Modern scientific approaches increasingly acknowledge multifactorial causality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue that Epidemiology functions as Ecosystem Science.
  • To demonstrate parallels between Epidemiology and Classical Chinese Medicine as Ecosystem Science.
  • To identify shared characteristics of these two approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of conceptual frameworks in Epidemiology and Classical Chinese Medicine.
  • Examination of disease causation models within both disciplines.
  • Identification of common principles regarding multi-variable and non-linear causality.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiology aligns with Ecosystem Science principles by considering multiple interacting variables.
  • Classical Chinese Medicine inherently operates as Ecosystem Science, focusing on holistic, multifactorial influences.
  • Both disciplines reject simplistic, monogenic disease conceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Epidemiology and Classical Chinese Medicine represent distinct yet conceptually similar forms of Ecosystem Science.
  • Recognizing these shared foundations can foster interdisciplinary understanding and novel research avenues.
  • The study advocates for a broader, systems-based perspective in health and disease research.