The effects of UV-B radiation on genetic and biochemical changes of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her

Ultraviolet radiation induces biochemical and genetic changes in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on genetic stability, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. Plant cuttings were exposed to 0, 0.12. 0.26 and 0.38 W/m² of UV-B radiation. Results indicated that by increasing the UV-B radiation intensity, total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and antioxidant capacity were increased. Analysis of four flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and rutin) contents of leaves extract by HPLC indicated that these four flavonols were enhanced in all treated plants and also the ratio of quercetin to kaempferol (Q/K) showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in UV-B treated plants in compare to control. To evaluate the genetic variation in treated plants, 10 ISSR primers were used. The highest level of percentage of polymorphism (P%), Shannon index (I), number of effective allele (Ne) and Nei' genetic diversity (He), were observed at the highest UV-B radiation (0.38 W/m²). The AMOVA analysis also showed a significant genetic differentiation (P ≥ 0.001) among the studied groups, and confirmed the differentiation of groups obtained by the cluster analysis of molecular data. Overall, these results showed that biochemical changes in different intensities of UV-B were in line with genetic variations, so that the highest biochemical and genetic variations were observed in 0.38 W/m² treatment.