Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Cell Biology
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Exosomes are vital extracellular vesicles mediating cell communication and epigenetic regulation.
• They transport proteins, miRNA, mRNA, and DNA, making them significant for disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
• Current research faces challenges in exosome extraction efficiency and distinguishing them from other vesicles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of exosome separation strategies.
• To highlight technological advancements in exosome isolation.
• To discuss perspectives for developing novel, high-efficiency exosome isolation techniques.

Main Methods:

• Review and analysis of existing exosome separation techniques.
• Exploration of biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes.
• Examination of progress in exosome isolation from diverse biological samples.

Main Results:

• Numerous techniques for exosome isolation have been developed, though standardization remains a challenge.
• Progress has been made in understanding exosome features for improved separation.
• The review offers insights into high-efficiency isolation from various biological matrices.

Conclusions:

• Technological advancements are crucial for in-depth exosome research.
• Improved exosome isolation methods are needed for reliable disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
• Quantitative separation of exosomes and microvesicles is emphasized for clinical applications.