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Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma: An update.
Mayur Virarkar1, Mohammed Saleh2, Radwan Diab2
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States. mkvirarkar@mdanderson.org.
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
|March 25, 2020
Summary
Primary epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas of the liver (EHL) are rare liver tumors. Research is ongoing to understand EHL molecular background and improve diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Oncology
- Radiology
Background:
- Primary epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas of the liver (EHL) are rare neoplasms.
- The molecular underpinnings of EHL, including WWTR1-CAMPTA1 mutations, are under investigation.
- EHL is frequently misdiagnosed as other liver cancers like angiosarcoma or hepatocellular carcinoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic features of EHL.
- To discuss current treatment modalities for EHL.
- To highlight the challenges in EHL management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of diagnostic imaging in EHL.
- Analysis of reported treatment outcomes for EHL.
- Discussion of molecular markers in EHL.
Main Results:
- Characteristic imaging findings like the "halo sign" and "lollipop sign" aid in EHL diagnosis.
- No standardized treatment guidelines exist for EHL.
- Current treatments including chemotherapy, ablation, surgery, and transplantation yield inconsistent results.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of EHL relies on characteristic imaging findings.
- Standardized treatment protocols for EHL are lacking.
- Further research into EHL molecular biology and treatment efficacy is warranted.
