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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Tin thiocarbonohydrazone complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and biological evaluation.

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Three novel organotin complexes demonstrate anticancer activity against liver cancer cells. Complex 3 exhibits significant tumor cell selectivity and a notable LD50 value in mice, indicating potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Organotin compounds are explored for their diverse chemical properties and biological activities.
  • Thiocarbohydrazone ligands offer versatile coordination sites for metal complexation.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge requiring novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and structurally characterize novel organotin complexes with thiocarbohydrazone ligands.
  • To evaluate the in vitro anticancer potential of these complexes against HepG2 cells.
  • To assess the in vivo toxicity and tumor cell selectivity of the most promising complex.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and structural elucidation of three organotin complexes: [(Me)2Sn(H2L1)] (1), [(Ph)2Sn(H2L1)]·MeOH (2), and [(Me)2Sn(HL2)(OAc)]4(Me)2O (3).
  • In vitro anticancer activity assessment using growth inhibition assays on HepG2 cells.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on normal QSG7701 cells to determine tumor cell selectivity.
  • In vivo acute toxicity studies in NIH mice to establish the LD50 value.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized organotin complexes and their proligands exhibited anticancer activity against HepG2 cells.
  • H2L2 and complex 3 displayed significantly higher cytotoxic potential compared to other compounds.
  • Complex 3 demonstrated superior tumor cell selectivity, with an IC50 on QSG7701 cells 8.48 times higher than on HepG2 cells.
  • Complex 3 exhibited a dose-dependent effect in mice with an LD50 value of 17.2 mg kg-1.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized organotin complexes, particularly complex 3, show promising anticancer activity and tumor cell selectivity.
  • Complex 3 warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • The study highlights the potential of organotin complexes with thiocarbohydrazone ligands in cancer therapy.