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SV40 and human mesothelioma.

Michele Carbone1, Adi Gazdar2, Janet S Butel3

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|March 25, 2020
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Simian virus 40 (SV40), a monkey virus, may contribute to human cancers like mesothelioma. SV40 infects human cells, causing transformation and potentially leading to tumor development, with evidence found in cancer cells.

Keywords:
Simian virus 40 (SV40)asbestoscancermesothelioma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a DNA tumor virus that infects human mesothelial (HM) cells.
  • SV40 is a co-carcinogen with asbestos in mesothelioma development.
  • SV40 was introduced into the human population as a contaminant in early poliovaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SV40 in human cancer development, particularly mesothelioma.
  • To explore the mechanism by which SV40 transforms HM cells.
  • To summarize evidence linking SV40 to various human cancers.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies of SV40 infection and transformation of HM cells.
  • Animal models (hamsters) to study mesothelioma development after SV40 exposure.
  • Laser microdissection to detect SV40 presence in tumor cells.
  • Molecular experiments to elucidate SV40's mechanism of cell transformation.

Main Results:

  • SV40 transforms HM cells and causes mesotheliomas in hamsters.
  • SV40 DNA was specifically found in human mesothelioma cells.
  • SV40 remains episomal in cells due to antisense RNA, allowing T-antigen expression without cell lysis.
  • SV40 is linked to human brain cancers, osteosarcomas, and lymphomas.

Conclusions:

  • SV40 may play a role in human mesothelioma and other cancers.
  • The mechanism involves SV40 T-antigen expression and repressed capsid protein production.
  • Further epidemiological studies are needed to confirm SV40's role in human cancers.