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Hypertension in Cancer Patients and Survivors: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Jordana B Cohen1,2, Abdallah S Geara1, Jonathan J Hogan1

  • 1Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

JACC. Cardiooncology
|March 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cancer patients face higher cardiovascular disease risks, often due to hypertension. Accurate blood pressure monitoring and tailored treatment are crucial for managing hypertension in cancer survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Cancer patients and survivors exhibit a higher burden of cardiovascular disease than the general population.
  • Hypertension is a significant contributor to this elevated cardiovascular risk, with a particularly high incidence post-cancer diagnosis.
  • Chemotherapy is an independent risk factor for hypertension, impacting endothelial function, sympathetic activity, renin-angiotensin system, and renal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased cardiovascular disease burden in cancer patients and survivors.
  • To emphasize the role of hypertension as a key risk factor in this population.
  • To discuss the diagnostic and management considerations for hypertension in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Accurate blood pressure measurement in cancer patients.
  • Consideration of confounding factors affecting blood pressure readings (e.g., adjuvant treatments, acute pain).
  • Utilizing home blood pressure monitoring for longitudinal tracking and medication adjustment.

Main Results:

  • Cancer patients have a notably high incidence of hypertension following diagnosis.
  • Chemotherapy directly contributes to hypertension through various mechanisms.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management require careful consideration of individual patient factors and treatment regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is a critical concern for cancer patients and survivors, necessitating vigilant management.
  • Tailoring antihypertensive medication selection to patient-specific morbidities and organ injury is essential.
  • Accurate blood pressure monitoring, including home monitoring, is vital for effective hypertension control in this population.

Keywords:
Cancer SurvivorshipHypertensionOutcomesPharmacotherapy

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