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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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[Malignant melanoma].

Georg Lodde1, Lisa Zimmer2, Elisabeth Livingstone2

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland. georg.lodde@uk-essen.de.

Der Pathologe
|March 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, is primarily caused by UV light exposure. Treatment involves surgery and systemic therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors, significantly improving survival.

Keywords:
Margins of excisionNevi and melanomasSentinel lymph node biopsySkin neoplasmsUltraviolet rays

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer originating from melanocytes, characterized by invasive growth and early metastasis.
  • Key risk factors include endogenous elements like skin type and nevi, with ultraviolet (UV) light being the primary exogenous factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current understanding of malignant melanoma, encompassing risk factors, diagnostic parameters, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the prognostic significance of tumor characteristics and the role of systemic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on melanoma etiology, pathology, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of prognostic indicators such as Breslow depth, ulceration, and sentinel lymph node status.

Main Results:

  • Complete excision with safety margins and sentinel lymph node excision are standard for primary tumors and high-risk cases.
  • Breslow invasion depth, ulceration, and lymph node status are critical prognostic factors.
  • Systemic therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted kinase inhibitors, are vital for adjuvant and inoperable cases.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of malignant melanoma relies on early detection, surgical intervention, and risk stratification.
  • Systemic therapies offer significant survival benefits, tailored to tumor molecular profiles and patient indications.