Composition of Synthesized Cellulolytic Enzymes Varied with the Usage of Agricultural Substrates and Microorganisms

We evaluated various agricultural lignocellulosic biomass and variety of fungi to produce cellulolytic enzymes cocktail to yield high amount of reducing sugars. Solid-state fermentation was performed using water hyacinth, paddy straw, corn straw, soybean husk/tops, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse using fungi like Nocardiopsis sp. KNU, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium alone and in combination to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Water hyacinth produced (U ml^-1) endoglucanase (51.13) and filter paperase (0.55), and corn straw produced (U ml^-1) β-glucosidase (4.65), xylanase (113.32), and glucoamylase (41.27) after 7-day incubation using Nocardiopsis sp. KNU. Production of cellulolytic enzymes was altered due to addition of various nitrogen sources, metal ions, vitamins, and amino acids. The maximum cellulolytic enzymes were produced by P. chrysosporium (endoglucanase; 166.32 U ml^-1 and exoglucanase; 12.20 U ml^-1), and by T. viride (filter paperase; 1.57 U ml^-1). Among all, co-culture of T. reesei, T. viride, A. flavus, and P. chrysosporium showed highest β-glucosidase (17.05 U ml^-1). The highest xylanase (1129 U ml^-1) was observed in T. viride + P. chrysosporium co-culture. This study revealed the dependency on substrate and microorganism to produce good quality enzyme cocktail to obtain maximum reducing sugars.