Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Blood Using a Disposable Electrochemical Microfluidic Platform

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a large number of elderly people worldwide and has a high social and economic impact. The diagnosis of AD in early stage can significantly improve the evolution and prognosis of the disease. We report the use of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) as a blood biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD. A simple, low-cost, sensitive, and disposable microfluidic platform (DμP) was developed for ADAM10 detection in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid based on electrochemical immunosensors. The assay was designed to accurately detect ADAM10 in serum, with a limit of detection of 0.35 fg/mL. ADAM10 was detected in subjects divided into cognitively healthy subjects, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and AD patients in different disease stages. An increase in protein levels was found throughout the disease, and good DμP accuracy in differentiating individuals was observed. The DμP provided significantly better sensitivity than the well-established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. ADAM10 and its detection using the DμP were proven to be an alternative tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD, bringing new exciting possibilities to improve the quality of life of AD patients.