A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in crops with large genomes: Lessons from polyploid wheat

Area of Science:

• Plant Science
• Genomics
• Crop Improvement

Background:

• Functional characterization of genes in major crops is hindered by limited genomic information and resources.
• High-quality reference sequences for staple crops are now available, enabling new genetic and genomic resources.
• These resources support basic research and targeted breeding approaches for crop enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the available genetic and genomic resources for staple crops, particularly wheat.
• To guide plant scientists in utilizing these resources for gene function studies and crop improvement.
• To accelerate the development of crops vital for global food and nutrition security.

Main Methods:

• Leveraging high-quality reference sequences for gene model annotations, expression atlases, and gene networks.
• Utilizing sequenced mutant populations, improved transformation protocols, and structured natural populations for gene function analysis.
• Integrating diverse genetic and genomic resources through case studies.

Main Results:

• Availability of comprehensive genomic resources for major crops, including wheat.
• Development of rapid methods for studying gene function directly.
• Demonstration of resource integration for effective gene characterization.

Conclusions:

• Advances in genomic resources and tools significantly accelerate the understanding of gene function in staple crops.
• Targeted breeding strategies can be effectively implemented using these integrated resources.
• This approach is crucial for enhancing crop varieties to meet global food and nutrition demands.