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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
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Research Models for Studying Vascular Calcification.

Jaqueline Herrmann1,2, Milen Babic1, Markus Tölle1

  • 1Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex disease impacting cardiovascular health. This review summarizes cell and animal models used to study VC mechanisms, aiding future research and treatment development.

Keywords:
ex vivoin vitroin vivovascular calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying VC remain incompletely understood, and effective treatments are scarce.
  • VC is a complex, regulated systemic process with numerous contributing and inhibiting factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of existing cell and animal models for studying vascular calcification.
  • To summarize in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used in VC research.
  • To highlight how these models elucidate the molecular processes and (patho)physiologic mechanisms of VC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro cell culture models (various origins).
  • Summary of ex vivo experimental settings using aortic tissue.
  • Analysis of diverse in vivo animal models induced by disease.

Main Results:

  • Various models exist, each reflecting different facets of VC.
  • Models include cell cultures, aortic tissue experiments, and induced animal models.
  • These models collectively depict the intricate (patho)physiologic mechanisms of VC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding VC requires diverse research models.
  • Current models offer insights into the molecular basis of VC.
  • Further research using these models is crucial for developing effective VC treatments.