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TGF-β Signaling

Kalliopi Tzavlaki1, Aristidis Moustakas1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.

Biomolecules
|March 27, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling regulates development and tissue balance. This review details TGF-β

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a conserved family of secreted factors crucial for embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
  • TGF-β family members are implicated in various pathophysiological processes and diseases.
  • Despite diverse actions, TGF-β members utilize conserved signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate signaling mechanisms of the TGF-β family.
  • To highlight the critical role of biochemical control in TGF-β mediated biological functions.
  • To focus on the prototype member, TGF-β, and its signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TGF-β signaling.
  • Analysis of extracellular and plasma membrane-level control mechanisms.
  • Examination of SMAD-dependent and independent signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • TGF-β signaling is tightly regulated at extracellular and plasma membrane levels.
  • Ligand secretion, ECM deposition, and activation are key extracellular controls.
  • Receptor kinases, SMAD proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and kinases mediate intracellular signaling.
  • Interplay of SMADs and other proteins regulates gene expression, RNA processing, and translation.

Conclusions:

  • Biochemical control is essential for executing TGF-β's biological functions.
  • Understanding TGF-β signaling mechanisms is vital for comprehending development and disease.
  • The prototype TGF-β provides a model for studying this critical signaling pathway.
Keywords:
SMADextracellular matrixphosphorylationreceptor serine/threonine kinasesignal transductiontranscriptiontransforming growth factor-βubiquitylation

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