Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
Published on: November 21, 2017
Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, and Chloride Content of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Paste Made with Sea Water
Salman Siddique1, Jeong Gook Jang1
1Division of Architecture and Urban Design, Institute of Urban Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Abstract:
The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential of sea water as a feasible alternative to produce alkali-activated fly ash material. The alkali-activated fly ash binder was fabricated by employing conventional pure water, tap water, and sea water based alkali activating solution. The characteristics of alkali-activated materials were examined by employing compressive strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry, XRD, FT-IR, and 29Si NMR along with ion chromatography for chloride immobilization. The results provided new insights demonstrating that sea water can be effectively used to produce alkali activated fly ash material. The presence of chloride in sea water contributed to increase compressive strength, refine microstructure, and mineralogical characteristics. Furthermore, a higher degree of polymerization on the sea water-based sample was observed by FT-IR and 29Si NMR analysis. However, the higher amount of free chloride ion even after immobilization in sea water-based alkali-activated material, should be considered before application in reinforced structural elements.
Related Concept Videos
Pozzolans
Fly ash is...
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
Soundness of Cement
Testing Water Quality

