[The treatment of diabetes mellitus: myths and evidence]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
• History of Medicine

Background:

• Metabolic disorders with diabetes mellitus-like symptoms have been recognized for over 3500 years.
• Historical understanding of diabetes mellitus etiology and treatment was limited, fostering persistent myths.
• Significant advances in pathophysiology understanding occurred approximately 200 years ago, improving treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current myths surrounding the genesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
• To discuss the growing evidence for improved diabetes therapies.
• To explore the impact of molecular medicine and personalized approaches on future diabetes treatment paradigms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical and current understanding of diabetes mellitus.
• Analysis of evolving therapeutic concepts, moving beyond glucocentric approaches.
• Discussion of the role of molecular medicine, new drugs, personalized medicine, and technical innovations.

Main Results:

• Despite advances, outdated myths continue to influence diabetes mellitus treatment.
• Current research increasingly focuses on cardiovascular endpoints and realistic therapeutic goals.
• Polyvalent treatment concepts are emerging, extending beyond traditional glucose-centered strategies.

Conclusions:

• New therapeutic paradigms for diabetes mellitus are emerging, driven by molecular medicine and personalized approaches.
• Traditional and novel myths may persist and influence the development of future diabetes treatments.
• Awareness of these myths is crucial for developing effective and evidence-based diabetes care strategies.