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Individuals with and without chronic pain recall sensory pain experiences when completing the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Recent pain recall influences PCS scores in chronic pain patients, alongside personality traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Pain Research
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) assesses pain-related cognitive processes.
  • Understanding the nature of recalled pain experiences is crucial for interpreting PCS scores.
  • Trait personality factors and state-oriented cognitive processes may influence PCS responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the type and recency of pain experiences recalled by healthy individuals and those with chronic pain when responding to the PCS.
  • To differentiate the impact of personality traits versus state-oriented cognitive processes on PCS scores.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with two groups: individuals with chronic/recurrent pain (N=153) and a healthy control group (N=120).
  • Participants recalled pain experiences in response to the trait version of the PCS.
  • Data on pain referent type, recency, personality traits (neuroticism, conscientiousness), and rumination/absorption were collected.

Main Results:

  • Both groups predominantly recalled sensory pain referents (92% healthy, 95% pain group).
  • In the chronic pain group, the recalled pain referent differed from their actual pain condition in 55% of cases.
  • Healthy individuals recalled pain >24 hours old (86%), while 51% of the pain group recalled pain <24 hours old. Neuroticism and conscientiousness predicted PCS scores in healthy individuals. In the pain group, neuroticism and rumination/absorption significantly predicted PCS scores, with rumination/absorption having the largest effect.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with and without chronic pain utilize sensory pain referents when completing the PCS.
  • The recency of recalled pain is a significant factor for the chronic pain group.
  • Findings suggest refining PCS instructions and improving its sensitivity for specific chronic pain populations.