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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Beyond Determining Decision-Making Capacity.

Edmund G Howe1

  • 1Programs in Medical Ethics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 USA. edmund.howe@uhuhs.edu.

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Assessing patient decision-making capacity is crucial for life-or-death choices. This article reviews current methods and suggests reconsidering practices due to medical advancements, emphasizing patient relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Patient Autonomy

Background:

  • Determining a patient's capacity for decision-making is a critical and challenging medical task.
  • This assessment directly impacts patient outcomes, including life-or-death situations.
  • Existing practices require re-evaluation in light of evolving medical diagnoses and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present current criteria and approaches for assessing patient decision-making capacity.
  • To illustrate the application of these methods in five common disorders as case studies.
  • To advocate for a reconsideration of current practices in light of medical progress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established criteria for capacity assessment.
  • Analysis of practical application in five distinct patient populations.
  • Discussion of potential improvements and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Current criteria and approaches for capacity assessment are detailed.
  • Examples of application across five common disorders are provided.
  • The need for updated practices is highlighted, considering new medical advancements.

Conclusions:

  • Revisiting and potentially revising current patient capacity assessment practices is warranted.
  • Clinicians should explore strategies to guide patients toward optimal choices.
  • Maintaining and enhancing positive patient-provider relationships is paramount during and after capacity assessments.