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Aggression

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Pre-adult aggression and its long-term behavioural consequences in crickets.

Julia S Balsam¹, Paul A Stevenson¹

¹Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

|March 28, 2020

Summary

Pre-adult aggressive experience in crickets does not shape future behavior. Instead, social subjugation by adult males during development significantly impacts adult aggressiveness and exploration in male crickets.

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Area of Science:

Animal behavior
Neuroethology
Insect social dynamics

Background:

Social experience, especially aggression, influences consistent behavioral differences in animals.
The role of pre-adult social experiences in shaping adult behavior is crucial for understanding behavioral development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of pre-adult aggressive experience on the future behavior of male crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus).
To determine if aggressive interactions in pre-adult crickets affect their subsequent behavior and social responses.

Main Methods:

Compared aggressive interactions between male nymphs and adults.
Examined behavioral responses to antennal stimulation using various antenna treatments.
Assessed the effects of octopamine agonist treatment.
Observed the impact of social subjugation by adult males on nymph development and subsequent adult behavior.

Main Results:

Nymphal aggression is less intense than adult aggression, linked to immature sensory apparatus for releasing aggression.
Nymphs do not respond to or produce key semiochemicals for adult aggression, though octopamine agonist partially restored this.
Winner and loser effects observed in adults are absent in nymphs.
Social subjugation by adult males reduced aggressiveness and exploration in adult crickets.

Conclusions:

Aggressive competition among nymphs has no lasting consequence on their future behavior.
Social subjugation during pre-adult development is a primary factor determining consistent inter-individual behavioral differences in adult crickets.