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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
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Marketing in Heterozygous Advantage.

Gregory Todd Jones1, Reidar Hagtvedt2

  • 11Georgia State University College of Law, Atlanta, GA 30303 U.S.A.

Journal of Business Ethics : JBE
|March 28, 2020
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Summary

Biotechnology advancements outpace legal frameworks, raising ethical questions for human genetic engineering. This study analyzes markets for heterozygous advantage, proposing regulatory reforms to align incentives with social welfare.

Keywords:
bioethicsheterozygous advantagemarketing

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Bioethics
  • Human Genetic Engineering
  • Market Economics

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in biotechnology challenge existing legal and ethical structures.
  • Human genetic engineering, particularly concerning heterozygous advantage, is a subject of intense ethical debate.
  • Sickle-cell anemia serves as a model for understanding heterozygous advantage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine ethical concerns related to markets for human genetic engineering with heterozygous advantage.
  • To propose a typology of existing and imminent markets for such interventions.
  • To identify perverse incentives for firms marketing genetic interventions and suggest legal reforms.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a generalized model for heterozygous advantage.
  • Analysis of market structures and incentives in genetic intervention.
  • Review of legal and regulatory frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Markets for genetic interventions, especially those exploiting heterozygous advantage, present unique ethical challenges.
  • Perverse incentives can arise for firms in these markets, potentially misaligning with social welfare.
  • Existing market interventions may be ill-conceived, while others are lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Misalignment of incentives with social welfare stems from both over- and under-intervention in genetic markets.
  • Specific legal and regulatory reforms are proposed to address these market failures and ensure ethical outcomes.
  • Balancing innovation with ethical considerations is crucial for human genetic engineering.