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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
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[Infections of the small intestine].

C Cuvelier1

  • 1Department of Pathology, UZ Ghent, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B9000 Ghent, (Belgium).

Acta Endoscopica
|March 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Small intestinal infections are common worldwide, causing significant child mortality from diarrheal disease. This review covers common causes, clinical and histological features, and classifies infections as acute or chronic for better diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Small intestinal infections are a major global health concern, particularly impacting young children with high mortality rates from diarrheal disease.
  • Pathogen diversity leads to varied pathological and epidemiological characteristics of these infections globally.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for effective disease management and prevention strategies.

Purpose:

  • To review the most common causes of small intestinal infections.
  • To describe the clinical and histological aspects of these infections.
  • To classify small intestinal infections into acute and chronic forms to aid diagnosis.

Summary:

  • This paper provides a comprehensive review of prevalent small intestinal pathogens.
Keywords:
M cellsMALTacute enteritischronic enteritissmall intestinal infections

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  • It details the clinical manifestations and histological findings associated with these infections.
  • A classification system distinguishing acute from chronic infections based on inflammatory infiltrates is presented to assist in accurate diagnosis.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates accurate diagnosis of small intestinal infections by differentiating between acute and chronic presentations.
    • Provides essential information for healthcare professionals managing diarrheal diseases, especially in pediatric populations.
    • Contributes to a better understanding of the global epidemiology and pathology of small intestinal infections.