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Surface wind mixing in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS).

Robin Robertson1, Paul Hartlipp1

  • 1School of Physical, Environmental, and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales Canberra, Canberra, Australia.

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Summary

This study evaluated four ocean mixing models, finding Nakanishi-Niino (NN) and Mellor-Yamada (MY) performed best for simulating ocean surface mixing, though MY had stability issues.

Keywords:
Surface mixed layer depthVertical mixing parameterizationWind-driven mixing

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Ocean surface mixing is crucial for heat, energy, and gas exchange between the atmosphere and ocean.
  • Accurate simulation of upper ocean dynamics relies on effective modeling of vertical mixing.
  • Winds are the primary driver of ocean surface mixing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the performance of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in simulating ocean surface mixing.
  • To compare four different vertical mixing parameterizations against observational data.
  • To identify limitations of current parameterizations under various oceanic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Compared four vertical mixing parameterizations: Mellor-Yamada (MY), Large-McWilliams-Doney (LMD), Nakanishi-Niino (NN), and Generic Length Scale (GLS).
  • Validated model results against observed surface mixed layer depth, temperature fields, and diffusivities.
  • Conducted simulations at one deep-water site (Eastern Pacific) and three shallow-water sites (Baltic Sea).

Main Results:

  • Models generally reproduced mixed layer depth but struggled with temperature fields in shallow Baltic Sea sites, showing excessive mixing.
  • Nakanishi-Niino (NN) and Mellor-Yamada (MY) parameterizations showed the best performance, though MY experienced instability.
  • Large-McWilliams-Doney (LMD) exhibited the poorest performance, overestimating mixing and diffusivities.

Conclusions:

  • The Nakanishi-Niino and Mellor-Yamada schemes offer promising results for simulating ocean surface mixing.
  • Current parameterizations require refinement, particularly for shallow water environments with varying stratification and wind conditions.
  • Further observational comparisons are essential to improve the accuracy of upper ocean modeling.