What is the value of electromagnetic navigation in lung cancer and to what extent does it require improvement?

Lung nodules are being identified with increasing frequency. With this growing burden of nodules comes a growing need for diagnostic technologies extending beyond the current reach of conventional bronchoscopy. One such method for diagnosing peripheral lung lesions is electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB), which comprises a set of tools designed to aid the bronchoscopist in identifying, accessing, and sampling peripheral lung lesions under virtual guidance.

Herein we present an in-depth review of ENB, including commercially available electromagnetic navigation platforms, factors influencing diagnostic yield, adjunctive imaging and biopsy tools, potential risks, cost, technical shortcomings, and competing technologies. A review of the scientific literature was conducted primarily through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and pertinent publications and abstracts from the inception of electromagnetic navigation through early 2020 were considered. We also share our perspective on the future of ENB from both a diagnostic and a therapeutic standpoint.

ENB is currently a leading tool in the diagnostic evaluation of peripheral lung lesions. The future of ENB rests not only on its potential to expand into the therapeutic realm but also on its ability to keep pace with competing diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.