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Post pregnancy contraception.

Anita Makins1, Sharon Cameron2

  • 1Consultant Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford UK Director FIGO PPIUD Initiative, FIGO, London, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postpartum ovulation can occur as early as 21 days after birth. Offering contraception immediately after birth, especially long-acting reversible methods, improves maternal and infant health outcomes.

Keywords:
Post pregnancyPost-abortion contraception and family planningPost-partum

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal-Newborn Health
  • Contraception

Background:

  • Ovulation can resume rapidly postpartum (21 days) in non-breastfeeding women.
  • Current postpartum contraceptive services offered at 6 weeks are often delayed.
  • Delayed services increase risks of unintended pregnancies, abortions, and inadequate birth spacing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for earlier discussion and provision of contraception during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the benefits of immediate postpartum contraceptive services.
  • To promote the use of highly effective, user-independent contraceptive methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on postpartum ovulation timing.
  • Analysis of risks associated with delayed postpartum contraception.
  • Examination of safety and efficacy data for immediate postpartum insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs).

Main Results:

  • Non-fully breastfeeding women may ovulate within 3 weeks postpartum.
  • Immediate postpartum LARC insertion (implants, IUDs) is safe and effective.
  • Early provision of contraception reduces unintended pregnancies and improves birth spacing.

Conclusions:

  • Contraception counseling should occur during pregnancy for immediate postpartum provision.
  • Long-acting reversible contraceptives are ideal for immediate postpartum use.
  • Policy changes are needed to ensure access to quality postpartum contraceptive care.