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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Observation of dynamical fermionization.

Joshua M Wilson1, Neel Malvania1, Yuan Le1

  • 1Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly interacting bosons in a Tonks-Girardeau gas exhibit dynamical fermionization, where their momentum distribution shifts from bosonic to fermionic after confinement is removed. This behavior aligns with theoretical predictions for one-dimensional quantum gases.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Background:

  • The Tonks-Girardeau (T-G) gas, a model of strongly interacting bosons in one dimension, shares similarities with noninteracting Fermi gases due to fermionization.
  • Despite fermionization, equilibrium momentum distributions of T-G and Fermi gases differ significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize dynamical fermionization in a T-G gas.
  • To investigate the momentum distribution evolution after releasing axial confinement and changing trap depth.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions for T-G gases.

Main Methods:

  • Creation and manipulation of a one-dimensional Tonks-Girardeau gas of ultracold atoms.
  • In-situ imaging techniques to measure the momentum distribution of the gas.
  • Controlled release of axial confinement and sudden changes to trap potential depth.

Main Results:

  • Observed dynamical fermionization: the momentum distribution of the T-G gas evolved from bosonic to fermionic after axial confinement was removed.
  • Measured the asymptotic momentum distribution after expansion, identifying it as the distribution of rapidities.
  • Observed bosonic-fermionic oscillations in momentum distribution after altering trap depth, consistent with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence supports the theory of dynamical fermionization in one-dimensional Tonks-Girardeau gases.
  • The study confirms the role of rapidities in the asymptotic momentum distribution of expanded T-G gases.
  • The observed oscillations provide further validation for T-G gas theory under dynamic conditions.